循环流化床锅炉是河南开封得胜锅炉股份有限公司(开封锅炉厂)与中国科学院工程热物理研究所运用循环硫化燃烧理论共同设计的,适应我国煤种,满足市场需求,符合国家环保政策的一种高效、节能、低污染系列锅炉产品。
循环流化床锅炉是河南开封得胜锅炉股份有限公司(开封锅炉厂)与中国科学院工程热物理研究所运用循环硫化燃烧理论共同设计的,适应我国煤种,满足市场需求,符合国家环保政策的一种高效、节能、低污染系列锅炉产品。
循环流化床锅炉的工作原理如下:燃煤和空气进入一个流态化燃烧室,发生掺混和着火燃烧,夹带着大量细颗粒物料的烟气在炉膛出口以后的气固分离器中把所夹带的固体物料分离下来,烟气进入尾部受热面,而被分离器收集下来的物料通过返料器被送入燃烧室循环在燃烧。 循环流化床锅炉的技术特点:
1. 燃料适应性广 在循环流化床锅炉中,燃料仅占床料的3%左右,其余是不可燃的固体颗粒。循环流化床锅炉特殊的流体动力特性使得气固和固固混合非常好,因此燃料进入炉膛后很快与大量床料混合,燃料被迅速加热至着火温度,而同时床层温度没有明显降低。因此所有煤种均可在其中稳定高效燃烧。运行中变换煤种时,燃烧设备和锅炉本体不做任何修改也可取得较高的燃烧效率。 2. 燃烧效率高循环流化床锅炉与其他种类锅炉的根本区别在于燃烧系统。循环流化床锅炉的燃烧系统是由燃烧室,物料收集器和返料器组成。高温物料在气流的夹带下进入物料收集器,被收集下来的物料进入返料器,再经返料器送回燃烧室,进行多次循环燃烧,因此燃烧效率很高。 3. 负荷调节范围大,负荷调节快 锅炉运行中经常会出现负荷的变化,当负荷降到70%以下时,其它类型锅炉燃烧率和热效率会明显降低且燃烧很不稳定,有时甚至不能维持正常的燃烧;而循环流化床只需调节给煤量,空气量和返料循环量,故而其负荷可在30%-110%之间调节;此外由于截面风速高和吸热控制容易,循环流化床锅炉负荷调节速率也快,一般可达每分钟4%。 4.洁净的燃烧技术 循环流化床锅炉在炉内加入石灰石,可在炉内进行简单脱硫,当钙硫摩尔比为2时,脱硫效率可达80%以上;由于运行中采用分级送风和低温燃烧,故NOx生成量极低。因此大大减轻sOx与NOx排放量,改善大气与环境质量。 5.易于实现灰渣的综合利用 循环流化床锅炉属于低温燃烧,同时炉内优良的燃尽条件是的锅炉的灰渣含炭量低,属于低温烧透,易于实现综合利用。 6.床内不布置埋管受热面 循环流化床锅炉的床内不布置埋管受热面,因而不存在埋管受热面的磨损问题。此外,由于床内没有埋管受热面,启动、停炉容易,且长时间压火之后可直接启动。
循环流化床锅炉主要结构特点如下:
(1) 锅炉结构为(单)双锅筒横置式自然循环锅炉; (2) 炉膛出口配置有平行的高温旋风分离器,运行稳定,分离效率高。 (3) 采用进口耐热钢制作的旋风喉管,耐高温、耐磨损。 (4) 返料器采用两个小U型阀,实行双点回料,如炉回料分布均匀,不会形成在布风板上局部堆积而影响流化质量。 (5) U型返料器,进料量与回料量自动平衡,运行中无需人为调节。 (6) 炉膛下部水冷壁管及烟窗管均缠绕耐热钢丝,确保受热面使用寿命。 (7) 炉膛内部不布置埋管受热面,不存在埋管的磨损问题。 (8) 流化床炉膛、旋风分离器等部位均采用流化床耐磨成型砖和流化床耐磨浇筑料,保证锅炉长期安全运行。
Circulating Fluidized Bed
Circulating Fluidized Bed was designed by Desheng in collaboration with Chinese Academy of Science, according to the circulating fluidized combustion theory, in order to adapt it to domestic coals and satisfy market demands. In accordance with state environmental protection policies, this series boiler productis highly efficient, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly.
Principle of Operation:put fuel coal and airinto a fluidized combustion chamber, mix them up and ignite to burn. The gas-solid separator attached tothe hearth outlet filtrates the smoke with a large amount of granular material and then the solid material remains. The smoke enters into the heated tail while the remained material collected by the separator is sent to the main combustion chamber for ccirculating combusting through the recycle deice.
Main Structural Features: 1.The boiler structure is of (single) double-cylinder transversal natural circulation; 2.The hearth outlet is equipped with high-temperature vortex separator, which runs smooth and has a high separating rate; 3,It adopts imported refractory steel to manufacture the vortex throat, which resists to high temperature and abrasion; 4,The recycle device is composed of two small U valve and uses them to recycle, which leads to the uniform distribution of the recycled material and avoids the local accumulation on the grid plate so as not to influ-ence the fluidization quality; 5,U-shape material recycle device can automatically balance the intake flow and the recycle flow with-out manual adjustmentunder operation; 6,The water-cool wall pipes and funnel pipes attached to the under body of hearth are all equipped with abrasion resistant device to assure the life expectancy of the heated part; 7;There is no heated surface of buried pipes which lay inside the hearth, which avoids the abrasion problems of buried pipees; 8,The fluidized bed hearth and vortex separator adopt fluidized bed abrasion-resistant molding bricks and flu-idized bed abrasion resistant casting material, to secure the long-termoperation of boilers.
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